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Options
Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached. These are
just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
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These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
store the values in them. Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
parsed and so all extensions are known.
Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
* For options which will only be used within a single application or
organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
through 99999. It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
same number for multiple options.
* For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
Objective-C plugin) and your project website (if available) -- there's no
need to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one
extension number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension
number by putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of
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https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#options
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generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
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false has no effect: it cannot be used to opt proto3 files out of UTF-8
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early versions of google.protobuf.
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these default to false. Old code which depends on generic services should
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message Foo {
option message_set_wire_format = true;
extensions 4 to max;
}
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cases like the proto compiler. Other uses are discouraged and
developers should rely on the protoreflect APIs for their client language.
 y
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WARNING: This field should only be used by protobuf plugins or special
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TODO: flip the default to DECLARATION once all empty ranges
are marked as UNVERIFIED.
Ú
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ÞM Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
Þ

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â

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Order is weird for historical reasons.

æ

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negative values are likely.

ê

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ë

ë

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îg Not ZigZag encoded. Negative numbers take 10 bytes. Use TYPE_SINT32 if
negative values are likely.

î

î

ï

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ñ

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Group type is deprecated and not supported after google.protobuf. However, Proto3
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ˆ

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are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.

 


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starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified. Otherwise, C++-like scoping
rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
namespace).
œ
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resolved in the same manner as type_name.
 
  
 
 

¦$ For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
For booleans, "true" or "false".
For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
For bytes, contains the C escaped value. All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
¦
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ª!v If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
list. This field is a member of that oneof.
ª
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user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
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it to camelCase.
°
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is known as a "synthetic" oneof, and this field must be its sole member
(each proto3 optional field gets its own synthetic oneof). Synthetic oneofs
exist in the descriptor only, and do not generate any API. Synthetic oneofs
must be ordered after all "real" oneofs.
For message fields, proto3_optional doesn't create any semantic change,
since non-repeated message fields always track presence. However it still
indicates the semantic detail of whether the user wrote "optional" or not.
This can be useful for round-tripping the .proto file. For consistency we
give message fields a synthetic oneof also, even though it is not required
to track presence. This is especially important because the parser can't
tell if a field is a message or an enum, so it must always create a
synthetic oneof.
Proto2 optional fields do not set this flag, because they already indicate
optional with `LABEL_OPTIONAL`.

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Í
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is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32
domain.
à


á" Inclusive.

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overlap.
è
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be reserved once.
ì
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ï
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ó
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Ç2N ===================================================================
Options
Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached. These are
just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
Clients may define custom options as extensions of the *Options messages.
These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
store the values in them. Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
parsed and so all extensions are known.
Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
* For options which will only be used within a single application or
organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
through 99999. It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
same number for multiple options.
* For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
Objective-C plugin) and your project website (if available) -- there's no
need to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one
extension number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension
number by putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of
the docs for examples:
https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#options
If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
to automatically assign option numbers.


ô

¼#å Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
placed. By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
domain names.

¼

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That class will always contain the .proto file's getDescriptor() method as
well as any top-level extensions defined in the .proto file.
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.proto file will be nested inside the single wrapper outer class.

Ã

à 

Ã&

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ËÕ If enabled, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
file. Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the wrapper class
named by java_outer_classname. However, the wrapper class will still be
generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
top-level extensions defined in the file.

Ë

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Ø

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Ø-

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ä>À A proto2 file can set this to true to opt in to UTF-8 checking for Java,
which will throw an exception if invalid UTF-8 is parsed from the wire or
assigned to a string field.
TODO: clarify exactly what kinds of field types this option
applies to, and update these docs accordingly.
Proto3 files already perform these checks. Setting the option explicitly to
false has no effect: it cannot be used to opt proto3 files out of UTF-8
checks.

ä

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ô"Ó Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
- The basename of the package import path, if provided.
- Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
- Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.

ô

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ô

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;Å Should generic services be generated in each language? "Generic" services
are not specific to any particular RPC system. They are generated by the
main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
early versions of google.protobuf.
Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
that generate code specific to your particular RPC system. Therefore,
these default to false. Old code which depends on generic services should
explicitly set them to true.



 

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least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.


Š


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Š


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Š+0


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only to generated classes for C++.

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$ By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
to prefix the types/symbols defined.



 



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from this .proto. Default is empty.

Ÿ

Ÿ 

Ÿ"

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is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
determining the namespace.

¤

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¤

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Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
used for determining the namespace.

©

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®$³ Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
determining the ruby package.

®

® 

®

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´$ Any features defined in the specific edition.
WARNING: This field should only be used by protobuf plugins or special
cases like the proto compiler. Other uses are discouraged and
developers should rely on the protoreflect APIs for their client language.

´

´ 

´

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¸¼ Range reserved for first-class custom options defined by the Protobuf
team. User custom options must use the 1000+ range instead.

¸


¸


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See the documentation for the "Options" section above.

À

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À3

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Ø
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This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
format. You should not use this for any other reason: It's less
efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
The message must be defined exactly as follows:
message Foo {
option message_set_wire_format = true;
extensions 4 to max;
}
Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
have extensions.
All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
the protocol compiler.
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conflict with a field of the same name. This is meant to make migration
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Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
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this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
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  Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
maps field.
For maps fields:
map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
The parsed descriptor looks like:
message MapFieldEntry {
option map_entry = true;
optional KeyType key = 1;
optional ValueType value = 2;
}
repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
if the field is a repeated message field.
NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
parser.
 
  
 
 
$
 
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Ý
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and strips underscored from the fields before comparison in proto3 only.
The new behavior takes `json_name` into account and applies to proto2 as
well.
This should only be used as a temporary measure against broken builds due
to the change in behavior for JSON field name conflicts.
TODO This is legacy behavior we plan to remove once downstream
teams have had time to migrate.
 
  
 6
 9;
 <O

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 $ Any features defined in the specific edition.
WARNING: This field should only be used by protobuf plugins or special
cases like the proto compiler. Other uses are discouraged and
developers should rely on the protoreflect APIs for their client language.
 
  
 
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team. User custom options must use the 1000+ range instead.
 

 

 
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 Ÿ

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 ªE³ NOTE: ctype is deprecated. Use `features.(pb.cpp).string_type` instead.
The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
representation of the field than it normally would. See the specific
options below. This option is only implemented to support use of
[ctype=CORD] and [ctype=STRING] (the default) on non-repeated fields of
type "bytes" in the open source release.
TODO: make ctype actually deprecated.
 ª
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 The option [ctype=CORD] may be applied to a non-repeated field of type
"bytes". It indicates that in C++, the data should be stored in a Cord
instead of a string. For very large strings, this may reduce memory
fragmentation. It may also allow better performance when parsing from a
Cord, or when parsing with aliasing enabled, as the parsed Cord may then
alias the original buffer.

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Ó
 ÀÄ The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
false will avoid using packed encoding. This option is prohibited in
Editions, but the `repeated_field_encoding` feature can be used to control
the behavior.
 À
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š
 Í3 The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
field. The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
(int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64). A field with jstype JS_STRING
is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
use the JavaScript "number" type. The behavior of the default option
JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
goog.math.Integer.
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Should this field be parsed lazily? Lazy applies only to message-type
fields. It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
form. The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
This is only a hint. Implementations are free to choose whether to use
eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option. However,
setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
overhead typically needed to implement it.
This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
all method signatures remain the same. Furthermore, thread-safety of the
interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
to require exclusive access.
Note that lazy message fields are still eagerly verified to check
ill-formed wireformat or missing required fields. Calling IsInitialized()
on the outer message would fail if the inner message has missing required
fields. Failed verification would result in parsing failure (except when
uninitialized messages are acceptable).
 ï
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only be used where lazy with verification is prohibitive for performance
reasons.
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is a formalization for deprecating fields.
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formats, e.g. when the field contains sensitive credentials.
 
  
 
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edition may trigger warnings.

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was marked deprecated in.

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[e,f) [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ] The name (foo).
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